OLIVIER ROBERT PHOTO

It is an honor to be invited to write an article on the history and architecture of Japanese castles for the Royal Society for Asian Affairs (RSAA) in London. This article, published in their magazine Caravanserai n°7 (July 2025), is illustrated with several of my photographs. In this publication focused on the architecture of Japanese castles, I address the essential events that, through important periods of history, allowed castles to develop. I also discuss the five major

Japan is home to a rich architectural heritage, featuring unique examples of feudal art and engineering. Among the most remarkable are 5 castles designated as National Treasures, a distinction that highlights their historical, cultural, and artistic significance. Here’s an overview of these 5 iconic structures, which also make for excellent photographic subjects. Fine Art Prints © O. Robert (Purchase here) Let me be clear right from the start, Himeji Castle will always remain

Himeji Castle, also known as "Hakuro-jō" or "Shirasagi-jō" (White Heron Castle), is one of the most remarkable examples of Japanese castle architecture. Its long history makes it a rare witness to the various periods from feudal Japan to the present day. It is a masterpiece of defensive and residential construction and a high-quality photographic subject. Fine Art Print © O. Robert (Purchase here) Himeji Castle is located in Hyōgo Prefecture in the beautiful city of Himeji. I

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Inuyama Castle, located in Aichi Prefecture, is one of the oldest existing Japanese castles. It is renowned for its original keep dating back to the Azuchi-Momoyama period. Its history is rich with events, important figures, and transitional periods. Situated atop a wooded hill, it makes for an interesting photographic subject. Fine Art Print © O. Robert (Purchase here) Inuyama Castle is a cornerstone of Japanese history, reflecting architectural evolutions, military conflict

Matsue Castle, also known as "Pine Castle", is located in Shimane Prefecture, in the beautiful San-in region. It's one of the few castles in Japan whose main tower has survived wars and natural disasters since the Edo period, making it a precious testament to Japanese military architecture. An interesting relic in photography, especially at night. Fine Art Print © O. Robert (Purchase here) History of Matsue Castle Matsue Castle (松江城, Matsue-jō) was built between 1607 and 161

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Matsumoto Castle, also known as the "Black Crow" (烏城, Karasu-jō) due to its dark facade, is one of Japan's most famous and spectacular castles. This symbol located in Nagano Prefecture stands out for its unique construction and tumultuous history, spanning several centuries. A must-visit place for black and white photographers. © O. Robert This impressive castle is part of the 5 ones designated as a National Treasure, along with Himeiji, Inuyama, Hikone and Matsue castles. To

Nestled in the heart of the prefecture bearing the same name, Osaka Castle stands as a powerful symbol of Japanese history and culture. It captivates with its imposing architecture and tumultuous past. With its massive stone walls, deep moats, and majestic main tower, the castle is an ode to the military strategy and architectural ingenuity of its time. © O. Robert For photographers, Osaka Castle offers an exceptional backdrop, where every angle reveals a new perspective on t

The Kumamoto earthquake in April 2016 caused considerable damage to its iconic castle and the surrounding area, illustrating the vulnerability of historic structures to natural disasters. Among the most significant damage to the castle, the collapse of important centuries-old stone walls is lamented. © O. Robert These imposing support structures, which had perfectly withstood the vicissitudes of time, ended up yielding under the impressive force of the shakes. These walls, kn

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Kumamoto Castle, an architectural gem nestled in the heart of Kyushu Island, stands as a silent witness to the country's historical and cultural evolution. Founded in the 15th century at the beginning of the Edo period, this iconic monument embodies the splendor of Japanese castles with its ingenious defenses, peaceful gardens, and imposing structure. Fine Art Print © O. Robert (Purchase here) Despite the ravages of time, Kumamoto Castle, located in the Kumamoto Prefecture, c

Nestled in the heart of Aichi Prefecture, Nagoya Castle stands as an iconic symbol of Japanese history and culture. This remarkable estate from the Edo period marks an era where military strategy and architectural art fused into a majestic expression of power and aesthetics. © O. Robert With its iconic golden sculptures watching over from its roof, the castle tells stories of a bygone era while remaining deeply rooted in the present. The events and festivals held there throug